Time to live birth: towards a common agreement.

The major purpose of a couple at the first infertility appointment is to get a healthy baby as soon as possible. From diagnosis and decision on which assisted reproduction technique (ART) and controlled ovarian stimulation, to the selection of which embryo to transfer, the dedicated team of physicians and embryologists puts all efforts to shorten the time to pregnancy and live birth. Time seems thus central in assisted reproduction, and we can conveniently use it as a measure of treatment efficiency. How can we measure time to live birth? What timelines do we need to consider to evaluate efficiency? In this paper, we will discuss the importance of "Time" as a fundamental parameter for measuring ART success.

In vitro maturation of oocytes as a laboratory approach to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): From oocyte to embryo.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, which in some case leads to infertility. This disorder is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology. Infertile PCOS women that need in vitro fertilization (IVF) have greater risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) if conventional ovarian stimulation is used. In vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) is an alternative technique that prevents OHSS in infertile PCOS women. In the last decade, IVM protocols have improved, particularly with the development of biphasic IVM culture accounting for better pregnancy and live birth rates. This technique has been extended to other treatments like, fertility preservation, when patients have no time, or a contra-indication for ovarian stimulation, and poor responders. In this review, we will discuss IVM as a viable option for PCOS infertile patients. This article is categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Reproductive System Diseases > Environmental Factors Reproductive System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.

Management of child camps: a structured literature review and new directions / Gestão de campos de férias para crianças: uma revisão estruturada da literatura e novas direções / Gestión de campamentos infantiles: una revisión estructurada de la literatura y nuevas direcciones

The study of child camps has grown over the last years. Still, the common use of different terminology and the dispersion of the information in literature regarding camps management, makes it difficult to clarify research and hinder the improvement of managerial practices. This study aims to synthetise existent knowledge in child camps' management, identify inconsistencies and gaps in the literature, and set directions for future research and practice on child camps. A structured review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1950-2021 was conducted. Results indicate that half of the studies used the term "summer camp"; but other ten different terms were also used. Five different management areas were identified: safety, consumer behaviour, human resources, event planning and camp research. Gaps were also identified in the literature. These findings are important to set new research avenues and to improve practice. (AU)

O estudo dos campos de férias para crianças aumentou nos últimos anos. Todavia, a utilização de diferentes termos e a dispersão da informação na literatura acerca da gestão destes eventos dificulta o esclarecimento das diretrizes de pesquisa, por um lado, e dificulta a melhoria das práticas de gestão, por outro. Este estudo visa sintetizar o conhecimento existente na gestão destes eventos, identificar inconsistências e lacunas na literatura, e definir direções para futuras pesquisas e práticas. Foi realizada uma revisão estruturada de estudos publicados entre 1950-2021. Metade dos estudos utilizou o termo "campos de verão"; mas também foram utilizados outros dez termos diferentes. Foram identificadas cinco áreas de gestão: segurança, comportamento do consumidor, recursos humanos, organização de eventos e pesquisa em campos de férias. Foram ainda identificadas lacunas na literatura. Estes resultados são importantes para definir novos caminhos de pesquisa e melhorar a gestão destes eventos. (AU)

El estudio de los campamentos de verano para niños se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Pero, el uso de términos diferentes, y la dispersión de información en la literatura, sobre la gestión de estos eventos, dificulta la clarificación de las directrices de investigación, e impide que los gestores mejoren sus prácticas. Este estudio buscó sintetizar el conocimiento existente en la gestión de estos eventos, identificar inconsistencias y lagunas en la literatura y definir direcciones para futuras investigaciones y prácticas. Se realizó una revisión estructurada de estudios publicados entre 1950-2021. La mitad de los estudios utilizaron "campamento de verano"; pero también se utilizaron otros diez términos diferentes. Se identificaron cinco áreas de gestión: seguridad, comportamiento del consumidor, recursos humanos, organización de eventos y investigación en campamentos de verano. También se identificaron lagunas en la literatura. Estos resultados son importantes para definir nuevos caminos de investigación y mejorar la gestión de estos eventos. (AU)

Volunteer motivation in sports events in Brazil / Motivação de voluntários em eventos esportivos no Brasil

ABSTRACT The purpose was to analyze the potential differences in the motivation factors of volunteers according to the demographics; sex, level of education, and type of events in Brazil. The Volunteer Motivations Scale for International Sporting Events was administered to Brazilian volunteers via an online survey. Back-translation was used to ensure accuracy between the original scales. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to perform the transcultural adaptation. MANOVA was utilized to compare differences in demographic variables. Volunteers were motivated by two factors: Love of Sports and Community Involvement. The level of education verified significant differences only in the love of sport factor. The MANOVA revealed that the volunteers with a lower level of schooling (incomplete and elementary school) have higher levels of motivation (love for sport) compared to volunteers with high school, undergraduate, master's and PhD degrees. The interaction between sex and level of education indicated a significant difference in the same factor, and the interaction sex and type of event with the factor Community Involvement. Therefore, the results identify some differences in demographics. It is concluded that Volunteers' motivation is linked to the love of sport and involvement with the community and is related to sex and schooling, highlighting the importance of investigating volunteer motivations amongst sports events to promote positive development in management practices, specially to Brazilian sports events.

RESUMO O objetivo foi analisar as potenciais diferenças nos fatores de motivação de voluntários de acordo com os dados demográficos; sexo, nível de escolaridade e tipo de eventos no Brasil. A Escala de Motivação de Voluntários para Eventos Esportivos Internacionais foi aplicada a voluntários brasileiros por meio de um questionário online. A retrotradução foi usada para garantir a precisão entre as escalas originais. A análise fatorial confirmatória foi utilizada para realizar a adaptação transcultural. MANOVA foi utilizada para comparar diferenças nas variáveis demográficas. Os voluntários foram motivados por dois fatores: Amor ao Esporte e Envolvimento Comunitário. O nível de escolaridade verificou diferenças significativas apenas no fator amor ao esporte. A MANOVA revelou que os voluntários com menor escolaridade (escola primaria e incompleta) possuem níveis de motivação (amor ao esporte) maiores comparado aos voluntários com ensino médio, graduação, mestrado e doutorado. A interação entre sexo e escolaridade indicou diferença significativa no mesmo fator, e a interação sexo e tipo de evento com o fator Envolvimento na Comunidade. Portanto, os resultados identificam algumas diferenças demográficas. Conclui-se que a motivação dos voluntários está atrelada ao amor ao esporte e envolvimento com a comunidade e possui relações com sexo e escolaridade, destacando a importância de investigar as motivações do voluntariado entre os eventos esportivos para promover o desenvolvimento positivo das práticas de gestão, especialmente dos eventos esportivos brasileiros.

Políticas públicas de desporto e municípios: arcabouço legal no Brasil e em Portugal / Public sports policies and municipalities: legal background in Brazil and in Portugal

O incentivo à descentralização de políticas parte do pressuposto que a proximidade com o cidadão garante maior eficiência na alocação de recursos em políticas de sua preferência. O presente estudo buscou compreender a participação do poder local à efetivação do direito ao deporto, de forma comparativa entre Brasil e Portugal, a partir da análise das normas produzidas no período pós-constituição dos dois países. O quadro normativo de atenção ao direito se distingue. No Brasil, as normas não enfrentaram a questão da participação dos municípios na oferta do direito. Em Portugal foram construídos um conjunto de normas buscando estruturar o comportamento das câmaras municipais em matéria esportiva. No entanto, essa distinção não implica, necessariamente, que a questão da implementação das políticas esteja equacionada. Para os dois países a questão do financiamento é uma agenda a ser enfrentada pelo quadro normativo que afeta o acesso ao direito.

The encouragement of policy decentralization is based on the assumption that proximity to the citizen ensures greater efficiency in the allocation of resources in policies of their choice. This paper sought to understand the participation of local government in the realization of the right to sports, in a comparative manner between Brazil and Portugal, based on the analysis of the norms produced in the postconstitution period of both countries. The normative framework of attention to the right is distinctive. In Brazil, the norms did not face the question of municipality participation in the offering of the right. In Portugal, a set of norms was built seeking to structure the behavior of municipal councils in sports matters. However, this distinction does not necessarily imply that the issue of policy implementation is being considered. For both countries, the issue of financing is an agenda to be addressed by the regulatory framework that affects access to the right.

[Perception of body weight above the ideal, anthropometric profile and lifestyle among adolescents in the city of Recife, Brazil]. / Percepção do peso corporal acima do ideal, perfil antropométrico e estilo de vida em adolescentes de Recife, PE, Brasil.

This study investigated the perception of above ideal body weight among adolescents in the city of Recife, Brazil, and its association with anthropometric profile and lifestyle. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2480 adolescents from the "Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents." The conceptual model also assessed demographic and socioeconomic variables. Body weight perception was analyzed by asking the question: "In your opinion, your current body weight is … ?" Answers included: below ideal, ideal and above ideal body weight. Statistics were identified using Poisson Regression analysis. The mean age was 14.7 years (SD = 1.6), 53.7% were female, and 70.7% were eutrophic according to the body mass index/age (BMI/A). Perception of body weight was answered by 48.8% of the adolescents. 36.8% and 63.2% saw themselves as below and above their ideal weight, respectively. After adjustments, the variables associated with the perception of body weight above the ideal (outcome variable) were the female sex, age 12 to 14 years, mother's schooling > 8 years, BMI/A in the ideal range, being postpubescent, having breakfast and meals with parents occasionally. Demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables were more likely to be associated with body weight perception above the ideal.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a percepção do peso corporal acima do ideal em adolescentes de Recife/PE e sua associação com o perfil antropométrico e estilo de vida. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 2.480 escolares participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (Erica). O modelo conceitual também considerou variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. A percepção do peso foi analisada por meio da pergunta "Na sua opinião o seu peso atual é?", sendo as respostas: "abaixo do ideal", "ideal" e "acima do ideal". As associações foram identificadas por meio da regressão de Poisson. A média da idade foi de 14,7 anos (DP = 1,6), 53,7% eram do sexo feminino e 70,7% eram eutróficos, de acordo com o índice de massa corporal/idade (IMC/I). A percepção do peso foi respondida por 48,8% dos adolescentes. Desses, 36,8% e 63,2% se percebiam com baixo peso e peso acima do ideal, respectivamente. Após os ajustes, as variáveis associadas à percepção do peso acima do ideal foram: sexo feminino, idade entre 12 e 14 anos, escolaridade materna maior que oito anos, IMC/I de eutrofia e de excesso de peso, estágio pós-púbere e realização de café da manhã e refeição com os pais ocasionalmente. Portanto, variáveis demográficas, antropométricas e do estilo de vida se associaram à maior chance de percepção do peso corporal acima do ideal.

Percepção do peso corporal acima do ideal, perfil antropométrico e estilo de vida em adolescentes de Recife, PE, Brasil / Perception of body weight above the ideal, anthropometric profile and lifestyle among adolescents in the city of Recife, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a percepção do peso corporal acima do ideal em adolescentes de Recife/PE e sua associação com o perfil antropométrico e estilo de vida. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 2.480 escolares participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (Erica). O modelo conceitual também considerou variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. A percepção do peso foi analisada por meio da pergunta "Na sua opinião o seu peso atual é?", sendo as respostas: "abaixo do ideal", "ideal" e "acima do ideal". As associações foram identificadas por meio da regressão de Poisson. A média da idade foi de 14,7 anos (DP = 1,6), 53,7% eram do sexo feminino e 70,7% eram eutróficos, de acordo com o índice de massa corporal/idade (IMC/I). A percepção do peso foi respondida por 48,8% dos adolescentes. Desses, 36,8% e 63,2% se percebiam com baixo peso e peso acima do ideal, respectivamente. Após os ajustes, as variáveis associadas à percepção do peso acima do ideal foram: sexo feminino, idade entre 12 e 14 anos, escolaridade materna maior que oito anos, IMC/I de eutrofia e de excesso de peso, estágio pós-púbere e realização de café da manhã e refeição com os pais ocasionalmente. Portanto, variáveis demográficas, antropométricas e do estilo de vida se associaram à maior chance de percepção do peso corporal acima do ideal.

Abstract This study investigated the perception of above ideal body weight among adolescents in the city of Recife, Brazil, and its association with anthropometric profile and lifestyle. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2480 adolescents from the "Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents." The conceptual model also assessed demographic and socioeconomic variables. Body weight perception was analyzed by asking the question: "In your opinion, your current body weight is … ?" Answers included: below ideal, ideal and above ideal body weight. Statistics were identified using Poisson Regression analysis. The mean age was 14.7 years (SD = 1.6), 53.7% were female, and 70.7% were eutrophic according to the body mass index/age (BMI/A). Perception of body weight was answered by 48.8% of the adolescents. 36.8% and 63.2% saw themselves as below and above their ideal weight, respectively. After adjustments, the variables associated with the perception of body weight above the ideal (outcome variable) were the female sex, age 12 to 14 years, mother's schooling > 8 years, BMI/A in the ideal range, being postpubescent, having breakfast and meals with parents occasionally. Demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables were more likely to be associated with body weight perception above the ideal.

The Effects of Football Practice on Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Dietary patterns, exercise, sport, and physical activity have been shown to improve body composition in children. This systematic review with meta-analysis analyzed the effects of practicing football on body composition (fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral content) in children. An initial search in PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus was carried out in April 2021 to identify relevant articles. Inclusion criteria required children up to 12 years of age with a minimum football intervention duration of 10 weeks. Methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Between the 1803 articles originally founded, only 14 articles were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 1643 subjects between the 14 studies were identified. The review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used Review Manager and Full Meta-Analysis software. The results between the control and experimental groups showed significantly better lean body mass and fat mass values in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Football practice was positively associated with increases in lean body mass (mean difference of 1.55; 95% CI, 0.96, 2.15), decreases in fat mass (mean difference of -0.81; 95% CI, -1.49, -0.13), and increases in whole body bone mineral content (mean difference of 117.68; 95% CI, 83.69, 151.67). In conclusion, the results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that football positively affects body composition in children. However, further research is needed to confirm the results for bone mineral content.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Body Composition and Performance in Beach Handball Players: A Cross Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Beach handball (BH) is a sport in which sporting performance is influenced, together with team interaction, by individual performance in terms of strength. Body composition is one of the main factors for sports performance and eating habits can condition this variable. The Mediterranean diet (MD) can significantly reduce the risk of mortality or cardiovascular disease. In addition, the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment carries out different campaigns to promote it among young athletes, establishing it as a suitable diet for sports. OBJECTIVES: The main aims of the study are to assess body composition, physical activity and adherence to the MD of beach handball players. It also aims to evaluate age group differences in male and female players, as well as studying the possible relationship between MD, body composition and performance variables. METHODS: A total of 59 Spanish BH players were recruited in the national championship of BH in the province of Alicante. Thirty-eight male (14 junior; 17.0 ± 0.1 years and 24 seniors; 25.5 ± 4.7 years) and twenty-one female (7 junior; 16.1 ± 1.46 years and 14 seniors; 23.2 ± 2.0 years) BH players participated in this study. The questionnaire to evaluate eating habits was Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED). Body composition was measured with electrical bioimpedance. Strength was evaluated by means of a maximum isometric handgrip test of the dominant hand with handgrip and height of jump by counter-jump on contact platform. In the statistical analysis, descriptions and correlations between the study variables were made. RESULTS: In females, when the adherence to the MD is lower, the weight is higher, the lean body mass is lower and worse results are observed in performance tests. As for males, there are differences in weight and lean body mass according to category. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate eating habits are related to the weight of beach handball athletes. In addition, specifically with junior players, it has been observed that adherence to the MD correlates with weight.

Participation of the federation units in the investment of sports and leisure policies in Brazil / Participação das unidades da federação no investimento das políticas de esporte e de lazer no Brasil

The purpose of this exploratory descriptive study was to evaluate the participation of state governments (federation units) in the financing of sports and leisure public policies from 2002 to 2016. In order to better understand the regional effect of investment, the information was cut by region. Two central hypotheses were tested, the concentrator effect and the equity effect. The database was formed from the consolidated expenditure record registered with the National Treasury in the Accounting and Tax Information System of the Brazilian Public Sector - Siconfi. In order to ensure the comparability of tax information, the values were deflated by the Consumer Price Index. Although there are no constraints at the level of the federation pressing the Federation Units to be active with regard to the sports agenda, these Units have been shown to be responsive to it. The overall result produces different effects between macro-regions, regions and Federation Units, concentrating the resources, or distributing them more evenly.

O presente estudo de natureza descritivo exploratória teve por objetivo geral avaliar a participação dos governos estaduais (Unidades da Federação) no financiamento das políticas públicas de esporte e de lazer de 2002 a 2016. Para melhor compreensão do efeito regional do investimento, realizou-se o recorte das informações por região. Duas hipóteses centrais foram testadas, o efeito concentrador e o efeito equidade. O banco de dados foi formado a partir do registro do gasto consolidado registrado junto ao Tesouro Nacional no Sistema de Informações Contábeis e Fiscais do Setor Público Brasileiro ­ Siconfi. Para garantir a comparabilidade das informações fiscais, os valores foram deflacionados pelo Índice de Preços ao Consumidor (IPCA). Apesar de não haver constrangimentos no nível da federação pressionando as UF a serem ativas no que concerne à agenda esportiva, esses entes têm demonstrado serem responsivos a ela. O resultado geral produz diferentes efeitos entre as macrorregiões, regiões e Unidades da Federação. Ora concentrando os recursos, ora distribuindo de forma mais equilibrada.

School-based soccer practice is an effective strategy to improve cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in overweight children.

We examined the effects of a 6-month school-based soccer programme on cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic risk factors in overweight children. Methods: 40 boys [8-12 years; body mass index (BMI) >2 standard deviations of WHO reference values] participated in complementary school-based physical education classes (two sessions per week, 45-90 min each). The participants were divided into a soccer group (SG; n = 20) and a control group (CG; n = 20). The SG intervention involved 3 extra-curricular school-based soccer sessions per week, 60-90 min each. The intervention lasted for 6-months. All measurements were taken at baseline and after 6-months. From baseline to 6-months, the SG significantly improved (p < .05) BMI z-score, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, percentage of fat mass, percentage of fat-free mass, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but no such improvements were observed for the CG. After the intervention, the prevalence of soccer participants with normal waist-to-height ratio (30 vs. 5%; p = .037), systolic blood pressure (90 vs. 55%; p = .039), total cholesterol (80 vs. 65%; p = .035) and LDL-C (90 vs. 75%; p = .012) were significantly higher than at baseline. The findings suggest that a 6-month school-based soccer intervention program represents an effective strategy to reduce CV and metabolic risk factors in overweight children prepared to take part in a soccer program.

Participación de las capitales de los estados brasileños en la financiación del deporte y el ocio / Participation of brazilian state capitals in the funding of sport and leisure / Participação das capitais dos estados brasileiros no financiamento do esporte e do lazer

Problema: as capitais dos Estados brasileiros apresentam as melhores condições para experimentarem a autonomia política garantida pela Constituição, pois mostram uma dinâmica econômica diferenciada. Objetivo: analisar os investimentos das capitais brasileiras na Função Desporto e Lazer (FDL) de 2002 a 2011 através das variáveis: tempo de adesão, volume de gasto, percentual da receita e gasto per capita. Método: o presente estudo caracteriza-se por ser descritivo de cunho exploratório, as informações foram capturadas diretamente do website do Tesouro Nacional. Ali foi possível perceber um comportamento regional na capacidade de gasto das capitais. Resultados: os Estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentam condições muito mais favoráveis para garantirem a adesão, o volume de investimento e o percentual da receita comprometida com a Função Desporto e Lazer (FDL). Desconhecemos os motivos que levam a esse comportamento. Nesse sentido, uma segunda geração de investigação deve ser capaz de identificar as variáveis que ajudam a produzir esse resultado.

Problem: The Brazilian state capitals present the best conditions to experience political autonomy, guaranteed by the constitution, since they exhibit differentiated economic dynamics. Objective: To analyze the investments of Brazilian capitals in the Sport and Leisure Function from 2002 to 2011, according to the variables: time of adhesion, volume of expenditure, percentage of revenue and per capita expenditure. Method: Study of exploratory nature. The information was collected from the National Treasure website, and it was possible to perceive a regional behavior in the spending capacity of the capitals. Results: The states from the South and Southeast regions present much more favorable conditions to ensure adherence, investment volume, and the percentage of revenue committed to the Sports and Leisure Function. Although the reasons that lead to this behavior are unknown. In this sense, a second generation of research should be able to identify the variables that help produce this result.

Problema: las capitales de estado brasileñas presentan las mejores condiciones para experimentar la autonomía política garantizada por la constitución, ya que exhiben dinámicas económicas diferenciadas. Objetivo: analizar las inversiones de las capitales brasileñas en la Función Deporte y Ocio de 2002 a 2011, de acuerdo con las variables: tiempo de adhesión, volumen de gasto, porcentaje de ingresos y gasto per cápita. Método: estudio de naturaleza exploratoria. La información se recopiló del sitio web del Tesoro Nacional, y fue posible percibir un comportamiento regional en la capacidad de gasto de las capitales. Resultados: los estados de las regiones sur y sudeste presentan condiciones mucho más favorables para garantizar el cumplimiento, el volumen de inversión y el porcentaje de ingresos comprometidos con la Función deporte y Ocio, aunque no se saben las razones que conducen a este comportamiento. En este sentido, una segunda generación de investigación debería poder identificar las variables que ayudan a producir este resultado.

Gasto na subfunção Desporto Comunitário na Região Sul do Brasil / Spending in the Community Sport sub-heading in southern Brazil / El gasto en la subfunción Deporte Comunitario en la región sur de Brasil

O presente trabalho de natureza descritiva exploratória buscou analisar de forma comparativa o comportamento dos municípios da Região Sul do Brasil no financiamento da subfunção Desporto Comunitário (sDC) de 2005 a 2014. Os recursos investidos na Função Desporto e Lazer (FDL) foram capturados junto ao site do Tesouro Nacional. A adesão e o gasto na subfunção Desporto Comunitário se deram em níveis elevados na região. Os resultados apontam também que os governos municipais são os principais financiadores desta agenda na região, quando comparados com a descentralização top-down. Os dados gerais revelam intensa atividade política na região em torno da agenda do esporte e do lazer e que, mesmo sem regulação federal, os municípios têm sido atores importantes na implementação de políticas públicas de esporte

This descriptive-exploratory study conducted a comparative analysis of the behavior of municipalities in the South region of Brazil when funding the Community Sport sub-heading from 2005 to 2014. Data on resources invested in the Sport and Leisure Heading were collected on the National Treasury website. Adherence to and spending on the sport community sub-heading has been high in the region. The results also indicate that municipal governments are the main funders of that agenda in the region when compared to top-down decentralization. General data reveal intense political activity around the sport and leisure agenda in the region and that municipalities have been important actors in implementing public sports policies even without federal regulation

Este trabajo descriptivo-exploratorio tuvo como objetivo analizar comparativamente el comportamiento de los municipios de la región sur de Brasil en la financiación de la subfunción Deporte Comunitario de 2005 a 2014. Los datos sobre los recursos invertidos en la función Deporte y Ocio se han reunido en el sitio web del Tesoro Nacional. La adhesión y el gasto en la subfunción Deporte Comunitario se han dado en niveles elevados en la región. Los resultados muestran también que los gobiernos municipales son los principales financiadores de esta agenda en la región, en comparación con la descentralización top-down. Los datos generales revelan intensa actividad política en la región en torno a la agenda del deporte y del ocio y que, incluso sin regulación federal, los municipios han sido actores importantes en la implementación de políticas públicas de deporte

Corrida de São João de Braga: qualidade de serviços e intenções de recomendação dos participantes / São João de Braga running: service quality and intention of recommendation from participants / Carrera de São João de Braga: calidad de servicios e intenciones de recomendación de los participantes

O objetivo deste estudo passou pela análise da qualidade dos serviços e a consequente intenção de recomendação da corrida de São. João de Braga e da região de Braga, como destino turístico, por parte dos participantes. A amostra foi de 284 participantes, tendo sido usado um instrumento que já foi utilizado noutros estudos desta mesma temática. Para analisar os dados e verificar a relação existente entre as variáveis foram realizados testes de regressão linear múltipla. Os principais resultados evidenciaram o processo de acreditação e o kit de participação como preditores estatisticamente significativos ao nível das intenções de recomendação da corrida e o processo de acreditação e a paisagem circundante para as intenções de recomendação da região. Posto isto, aquando da avaliação da qualidade dos serviços, destaca-se o processo de acreditação, uma vez que é um preditor comum das intenções de recomendação do evento e da região.

The aim of this study was to analyze the quality of services and the consequent intention of recommending the race of São João de Braga and the region of Braga, Portugal, as a tourist destination, by the participants. The sample consisted of 284 participants, using an instrument that has already been used in other studies of this same subject. To analyze the data and verify the relationship between the variables, multiple linear regression tests were performed. The main results evidenced the accreditation process and the participation kit as statistically significant predictors in the intentions of the race recommendation and the accreditation process and the surrounding landscape for the region's recommendation intentions. In conclusion, when assessing the quality of services, the accreditation process stands out, since it is a common predictor of the intentions of the event and the region

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la calidad de los servicios y la consecuente recomendación de la carrera de São João de Braga y la región de Braga, Portugal, como destino turístico, por parte de los participantes. Una muestra de 284 participantes, se usó un instrumento ya utilizado de otros instrumentos de estudio de la temática. Para análisis de datos y verificación de la relación existente, se han realizado varios ensayos de regresión lineal. Los principales resultados son la evidencia o el proceso de acreditación y el kit de participación como predictores estadísticamente significativos a lo largo de las intenciones de recomendación y el proceso de acreditación y la distribución de datos para las intenciones de recomendación. En conclusión, el aval da evaluación da calidad dos servicios, destaca-se el proceso de acreditación, es posible que sea su predictor común das intenciones de recomendación do evento y da región.

Validity and Reliability of a Commercially Available Indoor Tracking System to Assess Distance and Time in Court-Based Sports.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a commercially available local position measurement (LPM) tracking system when assessing distance and running time at different speeds. Fifteen male healthy athletes performed 15 m displacements at walking, running and sprinting speed. Data recorded by the LPM system were compared to those from the reference equipment, consisting of measuring tape and electronic timing gates placed at 0, 5, 10, and 15 m. Mean error, mean absolute error (MAE), standard deviation (SD) of the measurement error, maximum measurement error and root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated to determine the validity for distance and the running time variables. Product-moment correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were also used for the running time. Finally, the reliability of the distance was carried out comparing data from the three repetitions with the standard tape measure using a linear mixed model and the typical error as mean coefficient of variation (CV) (%). MAE shows errors under 0.18 m for the distance variable at all speeds and under 0.08 s for the running time variable at all speeds, except from 15 m at walking. Product-moment correlations were high to nearly perfect for running time (range: 0.60-0.99), ICC varied between high (0.75-0.90) and extremely high (>0.99) for most measures, and coefficients of variation remained almost invariable as speed increased (walking: 2.16; running: 2.52; sprinting: 2.20). The tested LPM system represents a valid and reliable method for monitoring distance during different constant speeds over a straight line, as long as there is no signal loss. However, the running time errors could be too large for performance tests that require acute precision.

Primeira visita domiciliar puerperal: uma estratégia protetora do aleitamento materno exclusivo / First postpartum home visit: a protective strategy for exclusive breastfeeding

RESUMO Objetivo: Averiguar a influência da primeira visita puerperal, da renda familiar, do hábito de chupeta, do número de irmãos e do peso ao nascer na manutenção do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) em lactentes com uma semana de vida até seis meses de idade no município de Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, coletaram-se dados por inquérito que abrangiam características sociais e demográficas das famílias e prática de amamentação em crianças com uma semana até seis meses de vida, que compareceram às unidades de saúde da família de Vitória de Santo Antão nos dias de puericultura, entre dezembro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015. Para indicar quantas vezes a prevalência do desfecho foi aumentada por influência dos fatores analisados, utilizou-se a Razão de Prevalência, bem como um modelo de regressão logística binária para análise e confiabilidade dos resultados. Resultados: A prevalência de amamentação exclusiva foi de 41,7%. A renda familiar, o hábito de chupeta, o número de irmãos e o peso ao nascer não demonstraram significância estatística sobre a manutenção do AME. Em contrapartida, a ausência da visita puerperal (p=0,009) influenciou negativamente a sua permanência. As crianças que receberam visita mostraram maior possibilidade de estarem em AME (RP 2,28, IC95% 1,17-4,42). Na regressão logística apenas a visita apontou significância para estimar a probabilidade de ocorrer AME. Conclusões: A ausência da visita puerperal influenciou negativamente a manutenção do AME. Esse achado preenche a lacuna referente ao conhecimento dos fatores determinantes sobre essa prática e norteia o planejamento de ações e estratégias locais para promoção, proteção e apoio à amamentação exclusiva.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the influence of the first postpartum visit, family income, pacifier habit, number of siblings and birth weight on the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged one week up to six months. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through a survey, which included social and demographic characteristics of the families and the breastfeeding practice in children aged one week to six months, who received care at family health units in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, between December 2014 and February 2015. Prevalence ratio was used to indicate how many times the outcome prevalence was increased by the influence of the studied variables, as well as a binary logistic regression model for the analysis and reliability of the results. Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 41.7%. Family income, pacifier habit, number of siblings and birth weight did not show statistical association with the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding. However, the absence of postpartum home visits adversely influenced the outcome (p=0.009). The children who received home visits had a higher chance of being exclusively breastfed for six months or more (PR 2.28, 95%CI 1.17-4.42). In the logistic regression, only the visit showed significance to estimate the probability of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: The absence of postpartum home visits negatively influenced the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. This finding fills a gap in the knowledge of determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and may guide the planning of local strategies and actions to promote, protect and support exclusive breastfeeding.

FIRST POSTPARTUM HOME VISIT: A PROTECTIVE STRATEGY FOR EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING. / PRIMEIRA VISITA DOMICILIAR PUERPERAL: UMA ESTRATÉGIA PROTETORA DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EXCLUSIVO.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the first postpartum visit, family income, pacifier habit, number of siblings and birth weight on the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged one week up to six months. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through a survey, which included social and demographic characteristics of the families and the breastfeeding practice in children aged one week to six months, who received care at family health units in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, between December 2014 and February 2015. Prevalence ratio was used to indicate how many times the outcome prevalence was increased by the influence of the studied variables, as well as a binary logistic regression model for the analysis and reliability of the results. RESULTS: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 41.7%. Family income, pacifier habit, number of siblings and birth weight did not show statistical association with the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding. However, the absence of postpartum home visits adversely influenced the outcome (p=0.009). The children who received home visits had a higher chance of being exclusively breastfed for six months or more (PR 2.28, 95%CI 1.17-4.42). In the logistic regression, only the visit showed significance to estimate the probability of exclusive breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of postpartum home visits negatively influenced the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. This finding fills a gap in the knowledge of determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and may guide the planning of local strategies and actions to promote, protect and support exclusive breastfeeding.

OBJETIVO: Averiguar a influência da primeira visita puerperal, da renda familiar, do hábito de chupeta, do número de irmãos e do peso ao nascer na manutenção do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) em lactentes com uma semana de vida até seis meses de idade no município de Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo transversal, coletaram-se dados por inquérito que abrangiam características sociais e demográficas das famílias e prática de amamentação em crianças com uma semana até seis meses de vida, que compareceram às unidades de saúde da família de Vitória de Santo Antão nos dias de puericultura, entre dezembro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015. Para indicar quantas vezes a prevalência do desfecho foi aumentada por influência dos fatores analisados, utilizou-se a Razão de Prevalência, bem como um modelo de regressão logística binária para análise e confiabilidade dos resultados. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de amamentação exclusiva foi de 41,7%. A renda familiar, o hábito de chupeta, o número de irmãos e o peso ao nascer não demonstraram significância estatística sobre a manutenção do AME. Em contrapartida, a ausência da visita puerperal (p=0,009) influenciou negativamente a sua permanência. As crianças que receberam visita mostraram maior possibilidade de estarem em AME (RP 2,28, IC95% 1,17-4,42). Na regressão logística apenas a visita apontou significância para estimar a probabilidade de ocorrer AME. CONCLUSÕES: A ausência da visita puerperal influenciou negativamente a manutenção do AME. Esse achado preenche a lacuna referente ao conhecimento dos fatores determinantes sobre essa prática e norteia o planejamento de ações e estratégias locais para promoção, proteção e apoio à amamentação exclusiva.

A percepção de competências dos gestores desportivos em função da experiência profissional / Sport manager competences perceptions according to the professional experience / Percepción de competencias de los gestores deportivos en función de la experiencia profesional

Resumo Este estudo teve como propósito identificar se a experiência profissional influencia o modo como os gestores municipais valorizam as suas funções e a percepção de tempo que nelas despendem. Os participantes foram 50 gestores que preencheram um questionário. Os procedimentos de análise usados foram as medidas descritivas básicas, a análise multivariada para variáveis dependentes e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Os resultados indicaram uma interação significativa dos fatores anos na função e na organização na valorização das funções e percepção de tempo despendido no seu exercício. O fator experiência revelou influenciar de forma significativa o nível da percepção da importância na dimensão lecionação/docência e do tempo despendido nas dimensões lecionação/docência e marketing.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine if the professional experience influences the way that municipal sport managers' value their roles and their perception of time spent in work tasks. Fifty managers filled a questionnaire. In data analysis it was used basic descriptive measures, multivariate analysis for dependent variables and Pearson's correlation. The results showed a significant interaction between the two factors: professional experience and years in the organization on the valuation of the roles and on the perception of the time spent to perform the work tasks. The experience reveals to be significant at the level of perception of importance in dimension teaching/lecturing and time allocated on the dimensions teaching/lecturing and marketing.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue determinar si la experiencia profesional influye en la valoración que los gestores deportivos municipales atribuyen a sus funciones y la percepción del tiempo dedicado a ellas. Un total de 50 participantes llenaron un cuestionario. Los procedimientos de análisis fueron medidas descriptivas básicas, análisis multivariado para variables dependientes y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los resultados indicaron una interacción significativa de los dos factores: experiencia profesional y años en la organización en la valoración de las funciones y tiempo dedicado a ellas. La experiencia reveló ser significativa en la percepción de la importancia de la dimensión de enseñanza/docencia y en el tiempo dedicado a la enseñanza/docencia y marketing.

Effects of 6-month soccer and traditional physical activity programmes on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory, oxidative stress markers and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese boys.

Physical activity is important in obesity prevention, but the effectiveness of different physical activity modalities remains to be determined among children. The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 6-month soccer programme and a traditional physical activity programme on changes in body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative markers, cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived psychological status in obese boys. Eighty-eight boys (8-12 years; BMI > +2 standard deviations of WHO reference values) participated in one of three groups: soccer, traditional activity and control. Soccer and traditional activity programmes involved 3 sessions per week for 60-90 min at an average intensity of 70-80% of maximal heart rate. Control group participated in activities of normal daily living. All boys participated in school physical education, two sessions per week of 45-90-min. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 6 months, and included body size and composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative markers, cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived psychological status. Physical activity and dietary intake were assessed before and immediately following the intervention. The three groups had similar characteristics at baseline. After 6 months, both intervention groups had significantly lower relative fatness (% fat), waist circumference and total cholesterol, and higher cardiorespiratory fitness, self-esteem, perceived physical competence and attraction to physical activity compared with control group. In conclusion, physical activity interventions over 6 months positively influenced several indicators of health status among obese boys. The results also suggested that soccer has the potential as an effective tool for the prevention and reduction of childhood obesity and associated consequences.

A eficácia organizacional na percepção do presidente da Federação Portuguesa de Canoagem / The leader perceptions about the effectiveness of his organization: a case study with the Portuguese Federation of Canoeing

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de perceber como se configura a eficácia organizacional na perspectiva do Presidente da Federação Portuguesa de Canoagem e identificar os fatores que são privilegiados pelo mesmo para avaliar a eficácia da sua federação, pautada na Abordagem dos Valores Contrastantes. Baseado num estudo de caso, caracterizado por uma investigação qualitativa, este trabalho fundamentou-se na análise de conteúdo de uma entrevista semiestruturada e análise documental do Plano de Atividades 2010. Verificou-se que o Presidente privilegia os fatores que constam nos quadrantes correspondentes ao Modelo de Sistema Aberto, como inovação e aquisição de recursos, e ao Modelo do Objetivo Racional, como produtividade e realização, para avaliar a eficácia da sua Federação, apesar de considerar a eficácia como um conceito unidimensional, baseado, sobretudo no alcance dos resultados desportivos, com foco exclusivo do Modelo do Objetivo Racional.

This study aims to understand how to configure organizational effectiveness from the perspective of the President of the Portuguese Federation of Canoeing and identify factors that are privileged by him to evaluate the effectiveness of his federation, based in the Competing Values Approach. Based on case study, characterized by qualitative research, this study was based on content analysis of a semi-structured interview and documental analysis of the Plan of Activity 2010. It was found that the President favors factors listed in the quadrants corresponding to Open System Model, like innovation and resource acquisition, and Rational Goal Model, like productivity and goal setting, for assessing the effectiveness of the Federation, although considering its effectiveness as a one-dimensional concept, based on the achievement of sports results, with exclusive focus on Rational Goal Model.